2.2.4 图形化工具virt-manager
centos上管理工具virt-manager
[root@centos8 ~]# export DISPLAY=10.0.0.1:0
[root@centos8 ~]# virt-manager
[root@centos8 ~]# libGL error: No matching fbConfigs or visuals found
libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast
Ubuntu上管理virt-manager
[root@ubuntu2104 ~]# export DISPLAY=10.0.0.1:0
[root@ubuntu2104 ~]# virt-manager
2.2.5 默认网络配置
安装完虚拟工具后，会自动生成一个virbr0网卡，类似于VMware workstation生成的Vmnet8网卡，充当虚拟机的NAT网卡
[root@centos8 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:19:bf:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.8/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe19:bf73/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:49:93:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:49:93:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@centos8 ~]# grep -R 192.168.122.1 /etc/libvirt/*
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml: <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml: <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
[root@centos8 ~]# ip a show virbr0
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:49:93:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@centos8 ~]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>99b7bf03-d57e-4b53-8dba-f08d651b5582</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'/>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='52:54:00:49:93:19'/>
<ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
[root@centos8 ~]# nmcli connection show virbr0
connection.id: virbr0
connection.uuid: df403fc2-38a9-40f5-90ce-061602a74466
connection.stable-id: --
connection.type: bridge
connection.interface-name: virbr0
connection.autoconnect: no
connection.autoconnect-priority: 0
connection.autoconnect-retries: -1 (default)
connection.multi-connect: 0 (default)
connection.auth-retries: -1
connection.timestamp: 1624952172
connection.read-only: no
connection.permissions: --
connection.zone: --
connection.master: --
connection.slave-type: --
connection.autoconnect-slaves: -1 (default)
connection.secondaries: --
connection.gateway-ping-timeout: 0
connection.metered: unknown
connection.lldp: default
connection.mdns: -1 (default)
connection.llmnr: -1 (default)
connection.wait-device-timeout: -1
ipv4.method: manual
ipv4.dns: --
ipv4.dns-search: --
ipv4.dns-options: --
ipv4.dns-priority: 100
ipv4.addresses: 192.168.122.1/24
ipv4.gateway: --
ipv4.routes: --
ipv4.route-metric: -1
ipv4.route-table: 0 (unspec)
ipv4.routing-rules: --
ipv4.ignore-auto-routes: no
ipv4.ignore-auto-dns: no
ipv4.dhcp-client-id: --
ipv4.dhcp-iaid: --
ipv4.dhcp-timeout: 0 (default)
ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname: yes
ipv4.dhcp-hostname: --
ipv4.dhcp-fqdn: --
ipv4.dhcp-hostname-flags: 0x0 (none)
ipv4.never-default: no
ipv4.may-fail: yes
ipv4.dad-timeout: -1 (default)
ipv4.dhcp-vendor-class-identifier: --
ipv6.method: ignore
ipv6.dns: --
ipv6.dns-search: --
ipv6.dns-options: --
ipv6.dns-priority: 100
ipv6.addresses: --
ipv6.gateway: --
ipv6.routes: --
ipv6.route-metric: -1
ipv6.route-table: 0 (unspec)
ipv6.routing-rules: --
ipv6.ignore-auto-routes: no
ipv6.ignore-auto-dns: no
ipv6.never-default: no
ipv6.may-fail: yes
ipv6.ip6-privacy: -1 (unknown)
ipv6.addr-gen-mode: stable-privacy
ipv6.ra-timeout: 0 (default)
ipv6.dhcp-duid: --
ipv6.dhcp-iaid: --
ipv6.dhcp-timeout: 0 (default)
ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname: yes
ipv6.dhcp-hostname: --
ipv6.dhcp-hostname-flags: 0x0 (none)
ipv6.token: --
bridge.mac-address: --
bridge.stp: yes
bridge.priority: 32768
bridge.forward-delay: 2
bridge.hello-time: 2
bridge.max-age: 20
bridge.ageing-time: 300
bridge.group-forward-mask: 0
bridge.multicast-hash-max: 512
bridge.multicast-snooping: yes
bridge.vlan-filtering: no
bridge.vlan-default-pvid: 1
bridge.vlans: --
proxy.method: none
proxy.browser-only: no
proxy.pac-url: --
proxy.pac-script: --
GENERAL.NAME: virbr0
GENERAL.UUID: df403fc2-38a9-40f5-90ce-061602a74466
GENERAL.DEVICES: virbr0
GENERAL.IP-IFACE: virbr0
GENERAL.STATE: activated
GENERAL.DEFAULT: no
GENERAL.DEFAULT6: no
GENERAL.SPEC-OBJECT: --
GENERAL.VPN: no
GENERAL.DBUS-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnecti>
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/2
GENERAL.ZONE: --
GENERAL.MASTER-PATH: --
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.122.1/24
IP4.GATEWAY: --
IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = 192.168.122.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 0
IP6.GATEWAY: --ubuntu网络配置
[root@ubuntu2104 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:67:87:fa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp2s1
altname ens33
inet 10.0.0.9/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:87fa/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:c4:9b:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@ubuntu2104 ~]# apt install bridge-utils -y
[root@ubuntu2104 ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
virbr0 8000.525400c49b3e yes
[root@ubuntu2104 ~]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>733e725e-0a69-44b4-9c8f-d71e5fe29399</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'/>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='52:54:00:c4:9b:3e'/>
<ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>2.4 准备安装系统的ISO相关文件
将需要安装的系统的ISO文件上传到宿主机
[root@centos8 ~]# mkdir -pv /data/isos
mkdir: created directory '/data/isos'
[root@centos8 ~]# ll -h /data/isos/
total 5.9G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 973M Jun 29 16:06 CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.8G Jun 29 15:57 CentOS-8.3.2011-x86_64-minimal.iso
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.2G Jun 29 16:07 cn_windows_server_2008_r2_standard_enterprise_datacenter_and_web_with_sp1_vl_build_x64_dvd_617396.iso2.5 AMD CPU创建虚拟机时的故障排错
AMD CPU使用virt-manager或virt-install在创建虚拟机可能会出错，用下面方法解决
2.5.1 AMD CPU使用virt-manager创建虚拟机出错提示
2.5.2 AMD CPU使用virt-install创建虚拟机出错提示
[root@centos8 ~]# virt-install --virt-type kvm --name centos7 --ram 1024 --vcpus 2 --cdrom=/data/isos/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7.qcow2 --network network=default --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole
# 有一个msrs的错误
2.5.3 AMD CPU创建虚拟机故障修复方法
# 修复以上故障
[rootecentos8 ~]# tee /etc/modprobe.d/qemu-system-x86.conf << EOF
> options kvm ignore_msrs=1
> EOF
options kvm ignore_msrs=1
[rootacentos8 ~]# reboot
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